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第31講 Ecosystems
課程影音
C55
L31A
55.1 Physical laws govern energy flow and chemical cycling in ecosystems
55.2 Energy and other lomoting factors control primary production on ecosystems
55.3 Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient
55.4 Biological and geochemmical processes cycle nutrients between organic and inorganic parts of an ecosystem
55.5 Human activities now dominate most chemical cycles on Earth
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