國立清華大學教育心理與諮商學系  教授
美國愛荷華大學心理學    博士

國立清華大學教育心理與諮商學系  教授
美國愛荷華大學心理學      博士

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教學進度
Syllabus
第 1 週
◆介紹心理學的定義及內涵。 
◆探討人的心智狀態，及潛意識的影響，定義心理學的範疇。
◆簡介心理學已知的各種類別之研究範圍和目的。
◆論述心理學多面向且有系統的研究基本概念、里程碑及貢獻。
◆闡述分析性、創造性、實用性思考的不同定論。
◆敘述心理學中各種實驗方式及需謹慎注意的議題。
◆Introduce the definition and context of psychology
◆Exploring human mentality, the impact of subconscious, the scope of the definition of psychology 
Introduce various known types of psychology in research and its purposes
◆Describe multiple dimensions of psychology and systematically investigate basic concepts, milestones, and contributions
◆Describe the analytical, creating, and practicality of thinking about different theories
◆Describing various experimental methods in psychology and important notices about issues

第 2 週
◆心理學家需以客觀的實驗操作及證據作為判斷的依據。
◆實驗時需控制的條件，及對於實驗成效的重要性。
◆介紹如何設計及分析相關性研究。
◆如何使統計的結果有可性度，並從顯著性資料下結論。
◆名詞的定義：模式、學說、理論、概念、操作型、變項。
◆闡述何謂控制、干擾及調和變項。
◆研究中倫理議題對於數據或受試者的影響及處理方式。
◆心理學史上各類主義及其觀點。
◆探討心理學不同派別衍生出的問題及目標。
◆Psychologists need to conduct experiments objectively and collect evidence to judge unbiasedly
◆While conducting experiments, there are conditions that need to be controlled, and the importance of these conditions to the experiments
◆Introducing how to design and analyze related research
◆The possibility of how to use statistics results, and how to reach conclusions from the given data
◆Terms: mode, theory, study, concepts, ways to operate, and variables
◆Describing how to control, interfere, and adjust variables 
◆Ethical issues in statistics when conducting research, or how to handle situations of interviewees being affected
◆Different perspectives and theories in the history of psychology 
◆Discuss the problems and goals in psychology formed by different groups

第 3 週
◆以達爾文的物競天擇為出發點基因學獲得論證。
◆探究個體特質是否為遺傳或環境影響
◆討論遺傳論和環境論在心理學上的共識。
◆神經系統的各個區域、其構造與功能與傳遞訊息。
◆神經系統之外，尚有以腦下垂體控制的內分泌系統，並介紹腦的基本構造與功能。
◆以模型清楚介紹大腦的各區構造與功能。
◆身體各部位的對應中樞神經元並深入瞭解腦的運作。
◆如何克服分腦對於生活造成的困擾。
◆Use Darwin’s Natural selection theory as a starting point for proving genetic studies
◆Exploring whether individual factors are caused by genetics or environmental influence
◆Discussing how hereditism and environmentalism reach a consensus in psychology 
◆Various areas in the nervous system, its structure, function, and delivering messages
◆Aside from the nervous system, there is also the pituitary gland that controls the endocrine system, and introduce the basic structure and functions of the brain. 
◆Use models to clearly introduce different areas of the brain and its structure and functions
◆The relation of various areas of the body parts to the central nervous system and understand the operation of the brain 
◆How to overcome the problems caused by the split brain in daily life 

第 4 週
◆生物心理學總覽
◆神經元傳導影片說明
◆各種大腦波動影片說明
◆大腦與心的影片欣賞
◆透過影片更深刻的了解我們的大腦發展
◆遺傳的基因對發展的影響
◆遺傳跟環境的互動、交互作用 
◆Overview of biological psychology
◆Neurons conduction video explanation
◆Various brain waves video explanation
◆Using videos to get a better idea of our brain development
◆The impact of hereditary on genetic development
◆The interaction between hereditary and environment

第 5 週
◆論述感覺與、知覺及絕對閾的定義和探討方式。
◆介紹訊號偵測理論的目的及分析結論。
◆絕對閾、差異閾、訊號偵測理論的比較和釐清。
◆論述視覺、大腦及眼部的構造和連結關係。
◆錐狀細胞和桿狀細胞對於視覺的影響。
◆說明後象反應的成因，及聽覺的形成、相關生理構造。
◆聲音的定位受聲波及時間差的影響。
◆嗅覺與味覺相輔相成。闡述膚覺的成因及痛覺的重要性。
◆Describe the definition and discussion methods of feelings, consciousness, and absolute threshold
Introduce the goal of signal detection theory and analyze the conclusion
◆The comparison and sorting of absolute threshold, difference threshold, signal detection theory
◆Describing visual, brain, eye structure and connections
◆The impact of rods and cones on our vision
◆Explaining the forming of after image reaction, the forming of hearing, and related biological structure 
◆How the position of our voice is affected by sound waves and time difference
◆How smell and taste complement each other. Describe the form of dermal sensation and the importance of pain

第 6 週
◆知覺歷程是對刺激感覺賦予意義的過程。
◆知覺研究中最常探討視覺，其容易受周圍環境影響。
◆對於同樣相貌的物體，知覺會產生恆常性。
◆人大多以雙眼產生準確的空間概念。
◆說明明暗、移動、調適作用等單眼深度線索
◆知覺的三種完形原則、及謬氏、龐氏錯覺的舉例說明。
◆長度和透視產生視覺上的錯覺、幻覺及不合理圖形。
◆視錯覺和隱藏圖形的啟示
◆The progress of how conscious course stimulates feeling and gives meaning
◆In the research of consciousness, visual is the most discussed, and the most easily affected by environmental factors
◆Consciousness often develop consistency towards objects that have similar appearance
◆People often use their eyes to construct accurate spatial concept
◆Describe light and dark, motion, adaptation, etc, monocular depth cues
◆Three complete principles of consciousness, raise the Muller-Lyer Illusion and Ponzo Illusion examples for explanation 
◆How length and transparency develops visual illusions, delusions, and unreasonable images
◆The inspiration of visual illusion and hidden image 

第 7 週
◆介紹意識的定義及誘因，探討選擇性注意的現象。
◆闡述跟隨法實驗和Stroop效果的實驗方法及結果分析。
◆探討前意識的定義、此現象的重要性及相關名詞介紹。
◆閾下訊息和促發效應實驗結果證明前意識的影響。
◆意識「改變」的定義、指標、影響之探討。
◆闡述睡眠中不同階段的腦波之特性。
◆Introduce the definition and incentive of consciousness, explore the phenomenon of selective awareness
◆Describe following experiments and the experimental method of the Stroop effect and conclusion analysis
◆Explore the definition of subconscious, the phenomenon of its importance and related terms
◆Subthreshold signals and the triggering effect in experiment conclusions that prove the impacts of sub consciousness
◆Discussing the definition, indicator, and impact of conscious change
◆Describing the characteristics of brain waves at different phases in sleep 

第 8 週
◆促發的定義與實驗方式；學習判斷深眠與淺眠的差異。
◆介紹佛洛伊德的觀點，與其和激發－整合假說之不同點。
◆何為催眠、其操作方法、帶來的影響與風潮，探討其爭議點。
◆催眠為與被催眠如同權威與受命之角色關係。
◆探討催眠的真實性、對被催眠者產生的影響，以及研究的成果。
◆探討靜坐時候的意識狀態，及身心理變化。
◆說明藥物對神經傳導的影響力，可能產生中毒、耐藥性。
◆何謂成癮、脫癮現象安慰劑、反安慰劑效應。
◆Promoting definitions and experiment methods; learning to differentiate between deep sleep and light sleep
◆Introducing Freud’s views and how he inspired others—organizing different points/views of hypotheses
◆What is hypnotize, steps to executing it, the impacts and trends it brings, and discussing the controversial points of it.
◆Hypnotizing and being hypnotized are seen as the same as relationship of the authority and the submissive
◆Discuss the realistic aspect of hypnotizing, how those being hypnotized are affected, and the research results
◆Discussing the conscious state of those meditating, and their bodily and mental change
◆Explaining how medication affects the neurotransmitter, and the possibility of developing poisoning or drug resistance
◆What is addiction, abstinence phenomenon placebo, against placebo effect

第 9 週
◆主義對於學習提出的制約論點及特性。
◆忽略刺激所帶來的正負影響；介紹新生動物的先備反應-銘印
◆俄國學者巴夫洛夫對於制約的實驗成果及重大發現。
◆古典制約的配對類型之差與論點。
◆詳細說明古典制約歷程中的獲得、削弱、自然回復、類化與區辨。
◆說明古典制約的應用，以及影片實例介紹。
◆How theories raise operant conditioning and its characteristics towards learning
◆Ignoring the negative influence of stimulation, introducing new born animals’ innate knowledge reaction—imprinting 
◆Russian scholar Pavlov’s operant conditioning experiment results and his great findings
◆The difference and argument of the matching types of classical condition
◆Describe in detail the classical conditioning progress of obtaining, weakening, and naturally recovering, categorizing and distinguishing. 
◆Describing the application of classical conditioning, and using videos to provide realistic examples

第 10 週
◆闡述古典制約、操作制約在生活中的應用與介紹其原則。
◆舉例說明操作制約，釐清各種類型強化作用的不同之處。
◆以Skinner訓練鴿子的實驗影片說明操作制約塑造行為的過程。
◆解釋正、負向強化、正、負向懲罰的定義與在教育上的應用。
◆以實例影片說明何謂學得無助感及對身心理的影響。
◆說明社會學習論的條件，及觀察對於小孩模仿行為的重要性。
◆Describing classical conditioning, applying operant conditioning in daily life and introducing the principles
◆Raising examples to explain operant conditioning, organizing the differences in strengthening functions of various types
◆Using Skinner’s training pigeons experiment video to explain the progress of molding operant conditioning 
◆Explaining the definition of positive and negative reinforcement and positive and negative punishment, and the application of these methods in education 
◆Using real example videos to explain how learner helplessness affects the learner’s mentality 
◆Describing the conditions for social learning theory, and how observing places an important role in children imitation 

第 11 週
◆失憶症的介紹與探討。
◆介紹各類記憶理論之定義及研究方法。
◆說明程序性記憶與陳述性記憶的關聯及探討。
◆論述程序性記憶與陳述性記憶的差異點、工作記憶理論及深度記憶的實驗方法。
◆論述感覺記憶和短期記憶的重要性。 
◆Introducing and discussing amnesia
◆Introducing various definitions and research methods of memory theories
◆Discussing the difference between procedural memory and declarative memory, and the research methods for working memory theory and deep memory 
◆Discussing the importance of sensory memory and short term memory

第 12 週
◆分析內隱記憶與外隱記憶歷程的差異，兩者具有同等重要性。
◆記憶儲存因專心程度及策略方式影響其成效。
◆回憶是重複敘述的過程達到精緻化複誦。
◆分析短期記憶和長期記憶的差異及實驗方式。
◆運用反覆覆誦、精緻性覆誦、組塊及認知的自我監控儲存記憶。
◆原來環境、使用頻率、複雜度及重建效果影響檢索記憶的成功度。
◆人腦與電腦的特色介紹與比較。
◆相同事物會因地域不同而不同的詮釋及意義。
◆Analyzing the difference between implicit memory and explicit memory, and the same level of importance of both memories
◆How the level of concentrating and strategy method impacts the effectiveness of memory storage 
◆Memory is process of the repeated description which reaches a refined version of repetition. 
◆Analyze the difference between short term memory and long term memory and research methods
◆Utilizing reiteration, refined repetition, blocks and acknowledgement of self-monitored memory storage
◆Original environment, frequency of utilization, complexity and restoration effect influences the success rate of retrieval memory
◆The characteristics and comparison between human brain and computer 
◆Similar objectives will have different interpretations and meaning due to different regions