L04_A
Atomic and Nuclear Physics
2-2 Atomic and Nuclear Structure
Atomic number,Z
the numbers of neutrons, N
Z+N=A(atomic mass number)
Nuclide
isotopes, same Z(同位素)
isobar, same A
isotone, same N
isomer, same N, Z, A,
(but in different long-live excited state)
2-3 Atomic and Molecular Weight
atomic weight:
the mass of the neutral atom
relative to the mass of C (defined as 12)
dimensionless(無單位的)
自然界的isotopes比例
元素的平均質量
gram atomic weight
gram mole
molecular weight
2-4 Atomic and Nuclear Radii
a reasonable measure of atomic size
電子雲的電子密度
原子核的密度
L04_B
2-4 Atomic and Nuclear Radii
R=1.25 x A1/3(fm, 10-15m)
liquid drop model of nucleus
ΔE=ΔmC2
the definition of eV, MeV, KeV, GeV
m=m0/(1-v2/C2)1/2
Etotal=rest mass energy+ kinetic energy
計算電子與中子的能量
光子的能量E=hμ
2-6 Partical Wavelength
λ=h/p(以古典力學計算物質波)
λ=hC/(Etotal2-Erest2)1/2 (相對論底下的物質波)
2-7 Excited State and Radiation
2-7 Excited State and Radiation
excited state v.s ground state
原子的電子結構
K shell
L shell
L shell
